What is modal interchange?
Modal interchange is the use of chords from the parallel key. In C major, you can borrow Fm, Ab or Bb from C minor. This creates contrast and emotional depth.
Common borrowed chords
The most popular borrowed chords in major are bVI, bVII and iv. In C major: Ab, Bb and Fm. Common in pop, rock ballads and cinematic music.
- bVI (Ab) — dramatic color
- bVII (Bb) — rock sound
- iv (Fm) — minor subdominant, gentle darkening
Picardy third
The reverse case: borrowing a major tonic in a minor key. At the end of a piece in A minor, A major replaces Am. This adds a surprising bright resolution.