Cadence ending on the dominant (V). Creates a sense of "question," incompleteness, and anticipation of continuation.
Incompleteness, expectation, a question. Tension builds and is not released. A "suspended" feeling — the listener awaits continuation. No stability — the dominant demands resolution.
In the I-V cadence each chord serves a role: I — Tonic, V — Dominant. The dominant (V) is the most unstable function in the tonal system. Ending on it leaves the music literally "hanging in the air." The ear demands continuation — usually a resolution to the tonic (V-I).
Tension builds in the motion toward the dominant. The nature of resolution is defined by the final chord of the cadence.
The I-V cadence is typical of major. First phrase of a period, middle of a verse, building tension before a chorus, bridge sections.
I-V, ii-V, IV-V, vi-V — all variants of the half cadence. In minor: iv-V, i-V. The Phrygian half cadence (iv⁶-V) is a special type with a characteristic half-step bass motion.
The I-V cadence is used for creating a pause in the middle of a phrase, a questioning effect. First phrase of a period, middle of a verse, building tension before a chorus, bridge sections. In form, it can appear at the end of a verse, chorus, or section. When analyzing harmony, notice how the cadence affects the perception of form — it can emphasize structural boundaries or blur them.
On guitar, the I-V cadence can be played in open position (keys of C, G, D, A, E) or with barre chords (any key). Pay attention to voice leading — try to keep common tones in place while other voices move smoothly. This creates a more connected and professional sound. Also try playing the cadence on higher frets using partial barres and jazz voicings.