Minor variant of ii-V-I. Half-diminished chord (iiø) with dominant (V⁷) resolves to minor tonic. Sounds more tense and darker.
The iiø-V⁷-i cadence with 3 chords creates an extended harmonic motion. The character depends on context and surrounding harmony.
In the iiø-V⁷-i cadence each chord serves a role: iiø — Subdominant, V⁷ — Dominant, i — Tonic. iiø (m7b5) contains a diminished fifth — a tritone. V in harmonic minor is a major chord with a leading tone. Together they create intense tension resolving into the minor tonic. A dark, emotional cadence.
Tension builds through the stepwise motion. The nature of resolution is defined by the final chord of the cadence.
The iiø-V⁷-i cadence is typical of minor. Minor jazz standards (Autumn Leaves in minor), classical preludes, dramatic resolutions in pop and rock ballads.
Common modifications: replacing one chord with an inversion, adding passing chords, rhythmic variation. Extending the cadence is achieved by adding preceding or following chords.
The iiø-V⁷-i cadence is used for creating a particular harmonic color. Minor jazz standards (Autumn Leaves in minor), classical preludes, dramatic resolutions in pop and rock ballads. In form, it can appear at the end of a verse, chorus, or section. When analyzing harmony, notice how the cadence affects the perception of form — it can emphasize structural boundaries or blur them.
On guitar, the iiø-V⁷-i cadence can be played in open position (keys of C, G, D, A, E) or with barre chords (any key). Pay attention to voice leading — try to keep common tones in place while other voices move smoothly. This creates a more connected and professional sound. Also try playing the cadence on higher frets using partial barres and jazz voicings.